![]() Hybrid mode allows for switching between MAF and SD mode (and vice versa) based on thresholds of throttle, RPM, MAP and MAF voltage. SD mode is full-time SD operation where the ECU uses the SD-based load calculation. This mode allows you to get a starting VE table up and running before actually running SD or allows you to tune the MAF sensor calibration as you would with the factory ECU. MAF mode mimics the factory logic in which load is determined by the MAF sensor, "MAF Calibration" table, and RPM. Tuners can select from three different real-time tunable modes of operation.SD load compensations for engine coolant temp (ECT) and barometric pressure are also available. This table can be tweaked according to manifold pressure, allowing for changes that may be needed based on IAT sensor placement. An intake air temperature (IAT) compensation table allows the tuner to tweak the SD charge temperature correction.Because the VE table units represent actual VE, properly calibrated SD tunes can be used to compare VE across different cars with different mods, even if the SD load is drastically different. Tuning SD is achieved through manipulating a real-time tunable volumetric efficiency (VE) table.This keeps much of the existing factory logic in place, allowing for the safe and reliable operation of the factory ECU while reducing the learning curve associated with tuning SD. SD works by calculating a new SD-based engine load to replace the factory MAF sensor-based engine load when SD is active.The following is a list of the key features of COBB Speed Density (SD): WBO2 Sensor = Wideband Oxygen Sensor Features.RPM = Revolutions Per Minute (referring to engine speed).2002-2005 Subaru Impreza WRX (Manual Transmission) Glossary of Acronyms.This guide covers the following vehicles designed for and sold in North America: Or SD can be used on the low end to improve idle/cruise characteristics when a big MAF is used, while still retaining MAF sensor operation on the high end. In a special hybrid mode, SD can be used on the high end to overcome a maxed out MAF sensor, while still retaining MAF sensor operation on the low end. ![]() SD allows for the MAF sensor to be removed, eliminating a potential restriction in the intake tract and allowing for more freedom in intake piping design.SD can eliminate the noisy airflow calculation sometimes seen when using a MAF sensor based configuration with heavily modified cars.UsesĬOBB Speed Density (SD) has a number of potential uses that can improve the tuning capability for particular setups: It is highly customizable and features such as real-time tuning aid in a speedy and efficient tuning process. The COBB Speed Density feature is a powerful yet easy-to-use solution that integrates Speed Density tuning into the Subaru engine control unit (ECU) and can be used to entirely replace or work in conjunction with the existing factory mass airflow (MAF) sensor. For information pertaining to the 2.5L USDM Subarus, please see our Subaru Speed Density Guide: 2.5L. ![]() Note: This guide covers COBB Speed Density for the 02-05 USDM 2.0L WRX. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Purchase a better coffee machine and upgrade your telephone to order multiple fresh ingredients at once! Get “Star power” to create irresistible puddings, instantly re-fill your ingredient stack, do magic tricks or just freeze all customers to buy some time anything is possible!Įarn enough stars to progress to the next level! Prove that you are the best chef and beat your boss in each restaurant’s final Battle. Upgrade your kitchen to speed up preparation time, get a faster conveyor belt and perform better tricks. Serve a ‘Diner Delight’, the ‘Venice pie’ and a spicy ‘Tortilla poncho'. Learn mouth-watering recipes from the local cuisines by heart. Prepare dishes in 6 restaurants all over the world. Don’t forget to keep an eye on your supplies and order fresh ingredients on time. Description Youda Sushi Chef 2: Step into the delicious world of Youda Sushi Chef 2, where you put your culinary skills to use. Get Youda Sushi Chef for iOS latest version. Prepare almost 60 dishes in 6 restaurants in Youda Sushi Chef 2. Serve a ‘Diner Delight’, the ‘Venice pie’ and a spicy ‘Tortilla poncho'. Download Youda Sushi Chef App 1.021 for iPhone & iPad free online at AppPure. Buy 9.99(Unlimited Play for wild Members. Play this tasty, fun and free timemanagement game and become the ultimate chef in Youda Sushi Chef2 PLEASE NOTE: Chefs Diner: Food Rush is officially licensed with Youdagames and is officially published and distributed for mobile by Animoca Collective. Learn mouth-watering recipes from the local cuisines by heart. Youda Sushi Chef 2 (FULL VERSION) + DOWNLOAD - YouTube 0:00 / 3:13 Youda Sushi Chef 2 (FULL VERSION) + DOWNLOAD John 219 subscribers Subscribe Share 7.8K views 6 years ago. Prove that you are the best chef and beat your boss in each restaurant’s final Boss Battle. Step into the delicious world of Youda Sushi Chef 2, where you put your culinary skills to use. Decorate and design your restaurant, perform great knife tricks, and serve delicious sake to keep your customers happy while they wait. Valve offers the same free bandwidth and services to customers who activate a. Purchase a better coffee machine and upgrade your telephone to order multiple fresh ingredients at once! Get “Star power” to create irresistible puddings, instantly re-fill your ingredient stack, do magic tricks or just freeze all customers to buy some time anything is possible!Įarn enough stars to progress to the next level! Prove that you are the best chef and beat your boss in each restaurant’s final Battle.Youda Sushi Chef 2 Mac Game Detaileds Description Youda Sushi Chef lets you become a sushi expert as you upgrade your restaurant and learn new recipes. Steam Keys can be activated by customers on Steam to license Youda Sushi Chef 2. Upgrade your kitchen to speed up preparation time, get a faster conveyor belt and perform better tricks. Step into the delicious world of Youda Sushi Chef2, where you put your culinary skills to use. Don’t forget to keep an eye on your supplies and order fresh ingredients on time. Extra features like reservations and take away orders coming in constantly keep your adrenaline going. You really have to rely on your memory skills. Your main goal is to keep your customers happy and serve them the right dishes in time to reach your daily target. Serve a ‘Diner Delight’, the ‘Venice pie’ and a spicy ‘Tortilla poncho'. Prove that you are the best chef and beat your boss in each restaurant’s final Battle. Youda Sushi Chef is a fun time management game. ![]() ![]() Radiant systems provide even heat throughout the house. Disadvantage: Not efficient in frigid climates.Advantage: No ductwork is required and wall units allow for precise control of each room’s temperature.Fuel source: Electricity or natural gas.They can be a flexible addition since they can be switched to air conditioning mode during the summer months. This system uses a small outdoor compressor unit and indoor air handlers that can be placed in different rooms throughout the house. ![]() A popular heat pump system is known as the mini-split or ductless heating system. They use a system similar to an air conditioner by extracting heat from the air and delivering it to the home through an indoor air handler. Heat pumps are the newest home heating system technology. Disadvantage: Boiler systems cannot be combined with air conditioning for a year-round HVAC system.Advantage: Provide comfortable heat that doesn’t dry out the air like other heating systems.Fuel source: Natural gas, propane, fuel oil, biodiesel blends or electricity.This is best for providing zoned heating and cooling, but it isn’t as efficient for heating more spacious areas of the house at once. These use a central boiler that circulates steam or water through pipes to radiator units around the house. Older homes and apartments may have traditional boilers and radiator systems. Disadvantage: Gas furnaces can pose risks for fires, explosions or carbon monoxide poisoning.Advantage: Forced air furnaces combined cooling and heating capabilities in one system.Fuel source: Natural gas, propane, oil or electricity.Because forced air systems share the same blower and ductwork as the air conditioner, they can also be used during the summer months. ![]() ![]() They use a furnace with a blower fan that delivers heated, conditioned air to the house’s various rooms through a network of ducts. 10 Types Of Home Heating Systems To Knowįorced air distribution systems are by far the most common type of home heating systems. ![]() While we work hard to provide accurate and up to date information that we think you will find relevant, Forbes Home does not and cannot guarantee that any information provided is complete and makes no representations or warranties in connection thereto, nor to the accuracy or applicability thereof. The compensation we receive from advertisers does not influence the recommendations or advice our editorial team provides in our articles or otherwise impact any of the editorial content on Forbes Home. Second, we also include links to advertisers’ offers in some of our articles these “affiliate links” may generate income for our site when you click on them. This site does not include all companies or products available within the market. The compensation we receive for those placements affects how and where advertisers’ offers appear on the site. First, we provide paid placements to advertisers to present their offers. This compensation comes from two main sources. To help support our reporting work, and to continue our ability to provide this content for free to our readers, we receive compensation from the companies that advertise on the Forbes Home site. The Forbes Home editorial team is independent and objective. ![]() ![]() ![]() Impressive animations Rise up to an Anno-King! Include the Help of the Anno 1701 Trainer Thanks to the cheats our MegaTrainer provides, you can easily freeze the resources for your buildings at any level.īut be careful! As long as this cheat is activated, you cannot collect new kinds of resources.Multi-player and co-op mode with up to 4 players.Unique mix of strategy, diplomacy and combat action.Gorgeous graphics including sharp and detailed textures. ![]() The only problem: On the gigantic maps of Anno 1701 you compete with crafty counter-parties - a hard-fought race for the best raw materials and islands has begun. If things go well, your residents become happy and therefore they pay more taxes. Then you help to make homes and construct the necessary infrastructure including roads, schools and churches. As soon as you have identified an optimal island, the big rush can begin Thus you immediately build up manufactures such as blacksmiths, mills, perfumeries, whale catchers, etc. Thanks to the latest 3D graphics, the landscape, the settlements, the islands, the water and simply just everything looks fantastic. Game modes: SinglePlayer Only a balanced mixture of economic, diplomatic and military approaches will be crowned with success.Tags: Strategy, Simulation, Management, BuildUp.Publisher: Koch Media, Ubisoft, Sunflowers, Aspyr Media.Main thing is that you reach out for the cheats of our latest MegaTrainer just in time! Game Profile If that is the case, the decision is up to you whether you tackle this problem by military or diplomatic means. Thus you have to find out which islands offer the best raw materials and sufficient space for colonization and if other nations have already colonized them. The discovery of several islands by boat plays a crucial role in Anno 1701! In order to reveal their secrets, you have to prove your skills in pursuing trade, waging war and sending out explorer ships to conquer the world. Anno 1701 v1.0 +6 Trainerfree full download.Īnno 1701 can be considered as the best Anno ever! The fact that the front cover pictures a ship is no coincidence! The biggest totally free game fix & trainer library online for PC Games. Anno 1701 Trainer Free Download Rating: 6,5/10 5194votes ![]() ![]() ![]() Bee☆Pop, however, used numerous Bomb Bees without their destruction recoiling on her. When Kuin used this Ultimate Move, creating even a single Bomb Bee takes a toll on her, and as such the ones created after the first are simple firecrackers. įinally, her connection with her bees allowed her to use them as spies.īomb Bees ( 爆弾蜂, Bakudan Hachi ?): Using the Queen Bee Quirk, the user can create highly explosive bees that detonate when ordered to. Kuin was also able to use a second Quirk temporarily when she injected herself with a sample from another person, being able to perform electrical attacks when she injected into her body a sample of Teruo's Electric Eel Quirk. Similarly, she could also use it to inject herself with various substances. She did this either for a specific objective, such as when she needed a great altercation as a distraction to kidnap Teruo Unagisawa, or simply for her own pleasure, such as when she tried to sabotage the Marukane music festival just because she wanted to. Kuin used her Quirk primarily to inject small doses of Trigger into innocent people against their will, causing them to become Instant Villains. UsageĪfter injecting herself with a sample of Electric Eel, Kuin can perform electric attacks. Once Kuin's true body is removed from the host, she is completely helpless and at the mercy of the enemy. When the brain functions of the host stop, she loses the ability to think too, and then, she loses control of the swarm, who will instinctively fly away from the dying hive. īeing a parasitic insect, Kuin's reasoning and thinking capacity depends entirely on her staying in a host. However, Bee☆Pop has managed to overcome this problem, since she uses numerous Bomb Bees indiscriminately without showing signs of being affected by their demises. That is why Kuin prefers to run away rather than face an enemy in case she has no choice but to fight, she will try to avoid using her bees offensively as much as possible. ![]() When a bee is destroyed, the pain recoils on her.ĭue to the fact that Kuin is bio-physically connected to all of her bees, each time one of them is injured or destroyed, the pain recoils on her. This allows the Quirk to continue perpetuating even if only one bee survives, needing time to regain strength and build a new swarm. Īnother characteristic is that it has a great survival instinct since if for any reason the Queen Bee dies, one of the bees becomes the new Queen of the hive. Queen Bee also has the ability to control other people with her bees, such as when Kuin uses one of her classmates to lure Soga to a secluded location to attack him when he starts sniffing around her school. The bees' mission takes less priority and more of the host's personality and feelings come to the forefront, though the Queen still remains in control. However, a shot of Trigger weakens the Queen Bee's influence and control over the host's underlying spirit. When a host or a user of this Quirk is enhanced by Trigger, their skin darkens, their nails grow out like claws, and their strength and speed are increased. This determines the bee user's personality, since it is basically a fusion of the swarm of parasitic bees and the host's own brain. It is unknown how it does this, but it somehow connects to the host's brain to control it. The Quirk stems from a parasitic, bee-like creature that implants itself into its host. Each bee has a special abdomen that serves to transport various substances in small quantities, and their stingers act as syringe delivery systems, which are useful for the injection of drugs or other such contaminants, as well as to subtract samples. The Queen Bee is bio-physically connected to each bee of the swarm and gain insight to whatever experiences or information they glean. The number of bee-like insects produced is numerous as she is able to dispatch her phalanx to cover a heavily populated metropolitan area. Queen Bee is a swarm of Apocrita, bee/wasp-like creatures, nested behind a medical patch in the host's left eye. ![]() ![]() ![]() agent Spider-Woman, traveled to the Raft to visit the Sentry in order to find out what had happened to him and his wife. Lawyers Matt Murdock and Foggy Nelson, along with bodyguard Luke Cage and S.H.I.E.L.D. Later, however, Robert's memories of the Sentry again returned, and he demanded to be placed on the Raft, S.H.I.E.L.D.'s high-security prison for super-villains, claiming that he had killed his wife. Remembering the dual nature of Robert's powers, Sentry and Reed Richards reactivated the Watchtower, dispelling the Void and making the world forget the Sentry once again. ![]() As the Void returned to Manhattan, the pieces began to fall in place and the Sentry's former friends assembled to defend him and the city. The Sentry contacted his former colleagues, but the only one who recalled their shared history was the Hulk. ![]() Years later, Robert's memories returned, and along with them the Void, who rampaged across Europe, murdering many members of the Super Heroes of Europe (SHE). Īs a subconscious cry for help, Reynolds implanted his memories into the mind of comic book writer Paul Jenkins, who wrote the Sentry's repressed memories into a series of comic books. This virus created delusions that if the Sentry used his powers, a devil would appear, intent on destroying the world. ![]() The General had captured Reynolds and brought him to mutant illusionist Mastermind, who implanted a "mental virus" in the Sentry's mind. In reality, the Void was Reynolds' own repressed persona, powered by the Sentry's own powers. With the Sentry inactive and forgotten, the Void vanished. Strange to create a system which made Earth's entire population - including Richards, Strange, and the Sentry - forget his existence. Discovering that the Void had been the dark aspect of his own powers, the Sentry teamed with Reed Richards and Dr. The Void nearly killed Scout, drove Hulk into a rampage, and murdered over one million people in Manhattan. The arrival of the Void, a shadowy monster that exploited its enemy's greatest fears, ended the Sentry's charmed life. She later stated that she should have killed him on their wedding night. She even feared that taking the serum must have awakened something of biblical proportions. She eventually learned of Robert's addiction but did nothing about it. Lindy got swept up in it all, excited at the prospect of meeting other heroes. ĭuring this period, the Sentry married the love of his life, Lindy and took the young Scout as his sidekick. The Sentry even battled Doctor Doom alongside the Fantastic Four and defeated his greatest enemy, the General, with the X-Men's aid. Almost instantly deducing Spider-Man's secret identity, he became a role model for the young hero, as well as an ally to the X-Men, an equal to Reed Richards, and a friend to the outcast Hulk. One of very few super heroes active during the years just prior to the Fantastic Four's emergence, Sentry gained new importance when the new wave of heroes rose to prominence. He had connections to Mister Fantastic, Iron Man, the Hulk, Spider-Man, and Professor X. The Sentry was an optimistic and socially accepted hero who stood in marked contrast to the mostly freakish nature of the other heroes. After trouncing the school bully who had tormented him, Reynolds sewed together a costume and made his debut as the heroic Sentry. Project: Sentry, appalled at what their irresponsibility had wrought, persuaded Reynolds to let them test his powers at their facility, but they could not contain him for long, nor curb his desire to use his powers for the greater good of all, and the Sentry debuted before a world that had almost forgotten superhuman Samaritans. He then asked the Professor to make him more of the compound. This act killed his partner and the lab's guards. Consuming the compound, Robert Reynolds gained the power of a million exploding suns. It was there that he discovered the Golden Sentry Serum. Over ten years later, Robert Reynolds, a meth addict, broke into the laboratory of an unnamed professor. Precisely where all of its resources ended up over the decades, what they might have begun, and where they ultimately led, is currently unknown. The overall administration of the Project was virtually nil. Unfortunately, within thirty years it had been divided into nearly a thousand isolated sub-projects, with lab work farmed out to private contractors. In March 1947, Canada's Department K and remnants of the United States' Operation: Rebirth pooled their resources to become Project: Sentry, an attempt to not only recreate the Super Soldier Serum, but in post-war hubris, magnify its effects one hundred thousand times over. ![]() ![]() ![]() Stock Illustration by smarnad 23 / 2,025 Colorful Retro FLower Stock Illustration by vectomart 7 / 1,371 baby's or toddler's colorful foot step pairs for kindergarten - vector graphic. ![]() ![]() Drawing by FotoMak 75 / 20,082 Abstract colorful geometric background Stock Illustration by marigold88 26 / 429 Colorful abstract blocks background Drawings by Alexmit 5 / 108 Colorful smoke and lights Stock Illustrations by SSilver 3 / 452 Abstract colorful geometric background Drawing by marigold88 7 / 5,327 Abstract colorful vector waved background Drawings by marigold88 4 / 202 Blue Vector Background Stock Illustration by ThomasAmby 126 / 22,041 Colorful sparkling burst background with stars Stock Illustration by Meikis 64 / 5,599 abstract wave line Clipart by rahulred 68 / 28,591 Colorful hot air balloons Clipart by cico 4 / 342 Springtime abstract flower on colorful stripe background Drawings by Meikis 25 / 2,445 Colorful bokeh abstract winter Stock Illustration by Sarunyufoto 7 / 455 Question Mark and Many Arrows - Choices Stock Illustrations by iqoncept 90 / 3,142 Concept illustration of colorful hands held together indicating social networking, team spirit, people bonding, multiracial group of people, partnership, helping each other, community of people, etc. Stock Illustration by tassel78 41 / 2,095 music Stock Illustrations by vlastas 393 / 32,605 Colorful autumn tree Stock Illustrations by wenani 4 / 4,561 Abstract blue background / wallpaper of waves / veils texture Stock Illustration by arzawen 538 / 84,076 Colorful Background Clip Art by vectomart 4 / 173 Abstract Illustration of an urban highway going to the modern city downtown, speed motion with colorful light trails. Vector illustration, EPS10 Drawings by pashabo 3 / 606 Abstract colorful circle wallpaper Stock Illustration by Meikis 9 / 839 Colorful abstract notes music background. Stock Illustration by dvarg 11 / 1,433 Colorful light effects background Clip Art by wenani 18 / 911 Colorful Peace Stock Illustration by vectomart 11 / 1,525 Colorful abstract woman's face Stock Illustration by TK0920 20 / 18,406 Vector colorful text box and pencils Clip Art by Mousemd 9 / 512 colorful hand prints Stock Illustration by roxanabalint 77 / 8,317 funky colorful background Stock Illustrations by cscst 6 / 434 Colorful foam Drawing by Lonely11 5 / 499 colorful dots Stock Illustrations by Eraxion 5 / 242 colorful gears Stock Illustration by freesoulproduction 7 / 677 Disco Abstract Colorful Waves on Black Background Stock Illustration by gubh83 97 / 45,208 Colorful blur vertical stipes Stock Illustration by PhotoHS 2 / 97 colorful footprints Stock Illustrations by kiyanochka 10 / 1,370 Speech bubble - colorful abstract background Stock Illustrations by marish 36 / 845 colorful flower on black background Drawing by kiyanochka 6 / 431 Thumb up symbol on colorful rays background. Colorful Background Stock Illustration by ThomasAmby 263 / 17,644 Colorful solidarity hand tree Stock Illustration by cienpies 227 / 15,414 abstract rainbow colorful pattern background Drawing by 100ker 19 / 1,032 Colorful Flower Background Stock Illustration by adroach 56 / 5,566 rainbow with kids, colorful vector illustration Drawings by marish 66 / 10,031 Colorful Background Drawings by vectomart 6 / 463 Colorful splash design Clipart by ThomasAmby 131 / 9,724 colorful flower on black background Stock Illustration by kiyanochka 22 / 3,924 Cute colorful flowers Stock Illustration by marish 187 / 24,744 three colorful owls Stock Illustrations by popocorn 43 / 9,138 vector owls Stock Illustration by jstan 130 / 31,472 Colorful Garlands Stock Illustration by ramonakaulitzki 27 / 1,117 Colorful Floral Swirls Stock Illustration by vectomart 29 / 2,867 Colorful fire horse. ![]() ![]() ![]() This gorgeous wooden case with green lining will protect your dominoes, all while looking pristine.ĮASY TO LEARN: Double-6 Dominoes is all about matching your domino to the end or side of another domino. PORTABLE LINED WOOD CASE: Take your dominoes with you anywhere- to family game night or to a dinner party with friends. ![]() With 28 black and white dominoes included to play this classic game, the smooth texture and shine is surely something to brag about. HIGH QUALITY DOMINOES: You can rely on these dominoes to stand the test of time. If you enjoy classic competitions such as chess and cribbage, you are sure to enjoy this time-tested game. See below for full detailsĪ CLASSIC TIMELESS GAME: Suitable for ages 8 and up, all you need is 1-4 people to get Double-6 Dominoes started. Includes: Starter Piece, 55 Dominoes, Storage Tin, InstructionsĬovered by the Spin Master Care Commitment. For family game nights, birthdays, parties, travel, holiday gifts, and whenever you just want to have fun. Plus strategy, cards, and classic board games like dominoes, mahjong, or a chess set.ĮNTERTAINMENT FOR EVERYONE: When you are with friends, bring a Spin Master game, toy, or cards. SPIN MASTER PUZZLES, TOYS & GAMES: A world of jigsaw puzzles and family board games for kids, teens, and adults. High quality color dot dominoes are built to last for years to come. ![]() Perfect game for beginners, experts, and the whole family! Recommended for 1 or more players, ages 8 and up.ĭURABLE STORAGE TIN AND DOMINO PIECES: Includes convenient sturdy storage tin to keep all of your pieces organized. Comes with instructions for different gameplay variations.ĮDUCATIONAL AND FUN: This set of Double-6 Dominoes teaches kids simple matching and math skills. This kit provides hours of fun for kids of all ages.) Related postĬLASSIC GAME THAT EVERYONE WILL LOVE: This set comes with bright color-dot dominoes, allowing for easier gameplay for kids and people with vision issues. It includes a set of 200 mixed pro dominoes, 1 bri and the STEM STEAM small toys. The set also includes a playing field that is large enough for all)Įditor's Choise: Bulk Dominoes Pro-Domino Kit (The Bulk Dominoes Pro-Domino Kit is the perfect way for parents to get their children started playing dominoes. The game board is the perfect size for any room, and it takes up very little space on your shelf. It's perfect for anyone who wants to learn how to play dominoes! Each player can build their own game using this basic set. The set also comes with a game board, playing field, and instruction booklet. The storage bag is perfect for storing the dominoes)īest Budget: Double 6 Travel Tin Domino Set (This Basic Set comes with a deck of 7 dominoes, and each player receives 2 dominoes. The storage bag is perfect for storing the dominoes. The dominoes are made of high quality wood. Best Overall: Lewo 1000 PCS Dominoes Set (Extra 11 add-on blocks make this kit even more fun. ![]() ![]() ![]() A relatively small pool of bursting units was sufficient to identify the stimulus with high accuracy in a manner that relied on the temporal pattern of responses. Population decoding using time-binned neural activity found that decoding behavior differed substantially between regular-spiking and bursting units. Regular-spiking units better reflected the shape of slow modulations and responded more selectively to vocalizations with overall firing rate increases. These units responded to natural stimuli (vocalizations) with brief and precise spiking at particular time points that could be decoded with high temporal stringency. ![]() Such differentiating behavior has been previously reported in bursting neuron models and may reflect specializations for detection of acoustic edges. In contrast with other unit types, these bursting neurons fired primarily on the rising phase of SAM or the onset of unmodulated stimuli, and preferred rapid stimulus onset rates. When we classified single-unit recordings using either a criteria-based or an unsupervised classification method into regular-spiking, fast-spiking, and bursting units, a subset of intrinsically bursting neurons formed the most highly synchronized group, with strong phase-locking to sinusoidal amplitude modulation (SAM) that extended well above 20 Hz. Neurons in auditory cortex of the awake marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ) encode temporal information with either stimulus-synchronized or nonsynchronized responses. Here, we report divergence in stimulus-encoding properties between subpopulations of cortical neurons that are classified based on spike timing and waveform features. Studies of the encoding of sensory stimuli by the brain often consider recorded neurons as a pool of identical units. This tool allows for the assessment of complex rhythmic tapping skills in about 15 min, thus providing a useful addition to existing music aptitude batteries. In combination, the tapping tasks explained variance in external indicators of musical proficiency above and beyond the perceptual PROMS tasks. Both tapping tasks were only marginally correlated with non-temporal perception tasks. Specifically, performance in rhythm tapping was correlated more strongly with performance in rhythm perception than in tempo perception, whereas performance in tempo tapping was more strongly correlated with performance in tempo than rhythm perception. Convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity correlations fell in line with expectations. Overall, results showed satisfactory psychometric properties for internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The items were taken from the rhythm and tempo subtests of the Profile of Music Perception Skills (PROMS), and administered as tapping items to 40 participants (20 women). To redress this limitation, we developed a standardized rhythm tapping test comprising test items of different complexity. ![]() ![]() Hence, whereas several instruments to assess tempo or beat tapping ability exist, there is at present a shortage of paradigms and tools for the assessment of the ability to tap to complex rhythmic patterns. Assessing the finger tapping of complex rhythmic patterns is far less explored and considerably more complex to analyze. Sensorimotor synchronization is a longstanding paradigm in the analysis of isochronous beat tapping. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The anti-reflection coatings are so good that it requires a bright source to render them visible to the camera. ![]() The 60mm, f/6 air-spaced doublet is fully multi-coated and composed of highly desirable low-dispersion FPL53 glass and a matching lanthanum element for excellent colour correction for both visual and photographic applications. Such is the on-paper prescription of the TS-Optics PhotoLine 60mm, f/6 FPL53 that I review here. With the correct prescription of lens geometry and mating glass element, FPL51 is capable of producing an excellent ED refractor, but the choice of FPL53 glass wherever possible gives the optical designer far greater freedom to produce a doublet with a performance deserving of the name ‘apo’. Ohara also produces S-FPL-51, which is an ED glass that is cheaper than FPL53 and even easier to work with. Calcium fluoride (CaF2), which occurs naturally as the mineral fluorite, makes a superior ED lens element, but it is a somewhat fragile material to grind and polish, plus it’s thermally unstable (meaning that it’s shape changes slightly with temperature).Īn ED glass manufactured by Ohara in Japan, known as S-FPL-53 (commonly written FPL53), has very similar optical characteristics to fluorite, but it is less expensive, far easier to polish and is more stable, both chemically and thermally. However, comparatively recent optical research has led to the mass production of extra-lowdispersion (‘ED’) glass types capable of curbing the tendency of a lens to split white light into a spectrum to such an extent that short focal-ratio refractors with excellent colour correction can now be produced from a two-element lens, sometimes referred to as a doublet. Such exquisitely crafted instruments from high-end manufacturers such as Takahashi and Astro-Physics use exotic glasses, ground and polished to complex geometries, to create compact refractors that provide essentially perfect imagery for visual and photographic use, but they usually command an eye-watering price. In the intervening years, opticians have developed so-called ‘apochromatic’ (or ‘apo’) refractors, typically composed of a three-glass element sandwich capable of bringing three colours of the visible spectrum (typically red, green and blue) to a common focus. However, for an achromat of typically encountered sizes to have an acceptable level of colour correction, an optician needs to make the instrument’s focal length at least twelve times the diameter (or aperture) of the lens, which immediately explains the long tubes of classical refractors. In fact, the use of crown and flint types of glass to fashion a so-called ‘achromatic’ lens capable of bringing two wavelengths of the colour spectrum (usually red and blue) to focus dates back to the British inventor Chester Moore Hall, in around 1730. I quickly learned that a simple compound lens composed of a sandwich of two types of glass with opposing dispersive (prismatic colour-making) qualities only goes a limited way to cancelling out this annoying inherent defect of refractors. Thus I had my introduction to the bane of simple lensbased instruments: chromatic aberration. While I was immensely proud of my four-inch, f/5 refractor, its images of the Moon and bright planets were surrounded by a vivid purple halo. I built my first telescope out of a 100mm diameter, two-element government surplus lens of 500mm focal length in the early 1970s. For casual terrestrial observations and quick looks at the Moon the TS PhotoLine 60mm, f/6 is quite at home on a sturdy photo tripod such as the author’s Manfrotto 055 shown here. ![]() |
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